Постать останнього кошового Запорізької Січі Петра Калнишевського в усній народній творчості

Abstract

У статті досліджено особливості психологічних характеристик образу П. Калнишевського в усній народній творчості. Акцентовано на рисах характеру, що підкреслюють нескореність духу кошового та зображують його справжнім стратегом і досить поміркованим господарем. Постать останнього кошового П. Калнишевського, його подвиги та боротьбу за козацькі вольності розглянуто крізь призму пісень, легенд і переказів. The article is devoted to revealing features the image of a complex and contradictory person P. Kalnyshevsky in oral folk art. Last ataman of Zaporizhzhya Sich Peter Kalnyshevsky left visible and bright trace in the history of Ukraine. The image of his personality is fully realized in the literature. Attitude to this person is extremely polar – from a sharp condemnation to the absolute exaltation. To analyze the way of ataman’s life article quotes from the novel by R. Ivanchuk «Crane cry», which fully disclose the particular nature of P. Kalnyshevsky those historical events that influenced his fate. It was also noted that this historical figure is mentioned not only in novels but also in songs, legends. Examples mentioned in the article are the legend recorded by M. Slaboshpytsky and stories that were told by greybeards Denezhnyy and Matrapas, and recorded by J. Nowickiy. Despite these examples, the problem of describing the life of P. Kalnyshevsky and his activities is quite acute. All the works describe only the first years of ataman’s life and the falling of Zaporizhzhya Sich. Therefore, it is worth noting the importance of the disclosure of the complexity of the image, the existing dualism, which would widely disclose the identity of Peter Kalnyshevsky in the oral folk-poetic art.