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https://evnuir.vnu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19808| Title: | A Study of Solo-Livers in Eastern Asia: an Eye on Japan, China and South Korea |
| Other Titles: | Дослідження життя соло в Східній Азії: погляд на Японію, Китай та Південну Корею |
| Authors: | Muradyan, Olena Yashkina, Daria Мурадян, Олена Яшкіна, Дар’я |
| Bibliographic description (Ukraine): | Muradyan, O., Yashkina, D. (2020). A Study Of Solo-Livers In Eastern Asia: An Eye On Japan, China And South Korea. Sociological Studios, 2 (17), 76–84. DOI: 10.29038/2306-3971-2020-02-76-84 |
| Issue Date: | 2020 |
| Submitted date: | 2020 |
| Date of entry: | 15-Nov-2021 |
| Publisher: | Волинський національний університет імені Лесі Українки |
| Country (code): | UA |
| Place of the edition/event: | Волинський національний університет імені Лесі Українки |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.29038/2306-3971-2020-02-76-84 |
| UDC: | 316.42:316.728 |
| Keywords: | social change lifestyle solo-living public and private space South Asia соціальні зміни стиль життя публічний і приватний простір Східна Азія социальные изменения стиль жизни публичное и приватное пространство Восточная Азия |
| Abstract: | The article examines how the processes of individualization (which in the modern world lead to many social changes, including lifestyle changes) alter the attitude to the need to start a family. Such processes also lead to the emergence of such phenomenon as "solo-living", but the analysis of the existing studies has shown that the growth of singles has not been researched in global comparative studies. The authors analyze how the problem of singles' growth in East Asian countries (with the focus on Japan, China and South Korea) is considered. Asian studies show that the lifestyle of single people is dictated by several reasons: lack of free time due to work (imbalance between work and life outside it), opposition of young people to official policies of their countries (social policy is aimed at supporting family traditions) and support for such lifestyle by marketing companies (the market is increasingly focused on singles in these countries). Prospects for further research include considering confrontation of social policies of the states and market policy on the issue of solo-living and the analysis of local studies of solo-living. Процеси індивідуалізації в сучасному світі призводять до багатьох соціальних змін, у тому числі й до змін стилів життя. Змінюється ставлення до необхідності створення сім’ї, починають виникати такі феномени, як «solo-living», проте зростання одинаків не досліджується в рамках глобальних порівняльних досліджень. У межах статті проводиться аналіз того, яким чином розглянуто проблему зростання одинаків у країнах Східної Азії на прикладах Японії, Китаю та Південної Кореї. Автори роблять висновок, що азіатські дослідження демонструють тенденцію, що стиль життя одинаків продиктований нестатком вільного часу через трудову діяльність, протистоянням молоді офіційним політикам своїх держав та підтримкою такого стилю життя маркетинговими компаніями. Перспективами подальшого дослідження тематики є розгляд протистояння соціальних політик держав і політики ринку щодо питання solo-living. Процессы индивидуализации в современном мире приводят ко многим социальным изменениям, в том числе и к изменениям стилей жизни. Меняется отношение к необходимости создания семьи, начинают возникать такие феномены, как «solo-living», при этом рост одиночек не исследуется в рамках глобальных сравнительных исследований. В рамках статьи проводится анализ того, каким образом рассматривается проблема роста числа одиночек в странах Восточной Азии на примерах Японии, Китая и Южной Кореи. Авторы приходят к выводу: азиатские исследования показывают, что стиль жизни одиночек продиктован недостатком свободного времени из-за трудовой деятельности, противостоянием молодежи официальным политикам своих государств и поддержкой такого стиля жизни маркетинговыми компаниями. Перспективами дальнейшего исследования тематики является рассмотрение противостояния социальных политик государств и политики рынка по вопросу solo-living. |
| URI: | https://evnuir.vnu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19808 |
| References (Ukraine): | 1. Bauman, Z. (2005). Individualized society. Moscow: Logos. 2. Bauman, Z. (2008). Liquid Modernity. Moscow: Piter. 3. Beck, U., Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2012). Individualization. Los Angeles: Sage. 4. Bentley, D., McCallum, A. (2019). Rise and Fall: The Shift in Household Growth Rates since the 1990s. Civitas. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from http://www.civitas.org.uk/content/files/riseandfalltheshiftinhouseholdgrow thratessincethe1990s.pdf 5. Bogdanchikova, M. (2017). I Will Hug You for Money: How They Made a Business Out of Tenderness. Marie Clarie. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://www.marieclaire.ru/psychology/obnimu-za-dengi-kak-iz-nejnosti-sdelali-biznes/ 6. Brodie-Hall, G. (2018). The Sampo Generation: Why We Are Seeing the Lowest Fertility Rate of All Time? Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://theobserver-qiaa.org/the-sampo-generation-why-we-are-seeing-the-lowest-fertility-rate-of-all-time 7. Burton, Z., Zanello, A. (2007). Asia 10 Years Later. Finance and Development. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/rus/2007/06/pdf/burton.pdf 8. Content Commerce Insider (2020). Single Living and the «Homebody Lifestyle» Take Over China. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://contentcommerceinsider.com/blog/single-living-and-the-homebody-lifestyle-take-over-china 9. DePaulo, B. (2020). How South Korea Is Accommodating, Not Shaming, Singles Who Live Alone. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.unmarried.org/featured/how-south-korea-is-accommodating-not-shaming-singles-who-live-alone/10. English, Ch. (2017). Japan: More Than Four Million Middle-Aged 'Parasite Singles' Still Live with Their Elderly Parents. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-parasite-singles-four-million-middle-age-parents-live-childbirth-rate-unmarried-unemployed-a7692256.html 11. Eurostat (2020). Number of Private Households by Household Composition, Number of Children and Age of Youngest Child. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFST_ HHNHTYCH__custom_206740/default/table?lang=en 12. Families in a Changing World (2019). Progress of the world's women in 2019-2020. OUN: Women. https://doi.org/10.18356/86036fb7-en. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/head quarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2019/progress-of-the-worlds-women-2019-2020-ru.pdf?la= en&vs=2801 13. Genda, Y. (2014). SNEP Phenomenon: in Japan, the Number of Single Unemployed is Increasing. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.nippon.com/ru/currents/d00109/ 14. Genda, Y. (2019). Solitary Non-Employed Persons. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7787-7 15. Hektor, A. (2020). The Korean Sampo-generation: the Lowest Birth Rate in the World. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://sweden-science-innovation.blog/seoul/the-korean-sampo-generation-the-lowest-birth-rate-in-the-world/ 16. Illouz, E. (2019). Why Love Hurts. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press. 17. Jeong, S. (2019). For many young South Koreans, dating is too expensive, or too dangerous. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/11/asia/south-korea-dating-intl/index.html 18. Jyotis (2020). Cuddle Café in Japan: Customers Are Willing To Spend Over Rs 30,000 On A Sleep With Cute Girls. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://gurugamer.com/viral/cuddle-cafe-japan-customers-rs-30-000-sleeping-cute-girls-10514 19. Kato, T., Kanba, S., Teo, A. (2019). Hikikomori: Multidimensional Understanding, Assessment and Future International Perspectives. Psychiatry And Clinical Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12895 20. Kislev, E. (2019). Happy Singlehood: the Rising Acceptance and Celebration of Solo-Living. Oakland, California: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c7r2 21. Klinenberg, E. (2012). Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone. Penguin Books. 22. Liang, Chong Zi (2016). S. Korean Civil Servants Turn Off Lights to Get Turned on. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/s-korean-civil-servants-turn-off-lights-to-get-turned-on 23. Moneycontrol (2020). Alibaba Singles Day Sales Hit $56 Billion with Record Peak of 583,000 Orders per Second. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/alibaba-singles-day-sales-hit-record-56-billion-at-583000-orders-per-second-6101481.html 24. Muradyan, O. S. (2012). Way of Life as a System of Social Action: an Attempt at Conceptualization. Sociological Studios, 1(1), 81–87. 25. Ortiz-Ospina, E., Roser, M. (2020). Marriages and Divorces. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://ourworldindata.org/marriages-and-divorces 26. Park, S. (2015). A Silent Revolution in the Korean Family. Contexts, 14(2), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1536504215585785 27. Qian, Y. (2019). Why Young People in South Korea are Staying Single Despite Efforts to Spark Dating. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://theconversation.com/why-young-people-in-south-korea-are-staying-single-despite-efforts-to-spark-dating-111486 28. Rethink Tokyo (2019). Going solo: The Japanese Preference for Living Alone. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://www.rethinktokyo.com/Hitorigurashi-living-alone-japan 29. Richardson, Wh. (2015). In China, Single Women Live by Their Own Rules. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/14/in-china-the-single-ladies-push-back/ 30. Rude, J. (2020). Half the World’s New Single Person Households to Emerge in Asia Pacific. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://blog.euromonitor.com/half-the-worlds-new-single-person-households-to-emerge-in-asia-pacific/#:~:text=Over%202019%2D2040%2C%20half%20of,a%20number%20hard%20to%20ignore 31. Schmitz, R. (2018). China's Marriage Rate Plummets As Women Choose To Stay Single Longer. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634048279/chinas-marriage-rate-plummets-as-women-choose-to-stay-single-longer 32. Sean, J. (2001). Parasite Singles: International Perspective and Analysis. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://academic.csuohio.edu/makelaa/history/courses/his373/ParasiteSingles.htm 33. Sorenson, S. W. (n.d.). The Value and Meaning of the Korean Family. Center of Global Education. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://asiasociety.org/education/value-and-meaning-korean-family 34. South China Morning Post (2017). One in Four Japanese Men aren’t Getting Married until Age 50 – and That’s Not Good for the Country’s Low Birthrate. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/ east-asia/article/2085016/one-four-japanese-men-arent-getting-married-until-age-50-and 35. Statista (2020a). Number of Single-Person Households in the United States from 1960 to 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/242022/number-of-single-person-households-in-the-us/#:~:text=This%20statistic%20shows%20the%20number,households%20in%20the%20United%20States 36. Statista (2020b). Love and Sex in South Korea. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/ topics/6708/love-and-sex-in-south-korea/ 37. Teo, A., Gaw, A. (2010). Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal? The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease, 198(6), 444–449. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1 38. Winter, W. (n.d.). China’s Infanticide Epidemic. Human Rights and Human Welfare, 9, 1–9. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest/china/InfanticideChina.pdf 39. World Values Survey. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/photos/cultural_ map_2020.jpg 40. Yaoti, R. (2016). As Traditional Family Lifestyle Breaks Down, More Youngsters are Living Solo Than Ever Before. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1004195.shtml 41. Yashkina, D. (2020). Heuristic potential of emotional labor concepts, trust and public space in the study of solo-living. Ukrainian Society, 1, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2020.01.041 |
| References (International): | 1. Bauman, Z. (2005). Individualized society. Moscow: Logos. 2. Bauman, Z. (2008). Liquid Modernity. Moscow: Piter. 3. Beck, U., Beck-Gernsheim, E. (2012). Individualization. Los Angeles: Sage. 4. Bentley, D., McCallum, A. (2019). Rise and Fall: The Shift in Household Growth Rates since the 1990s. Civitas. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from http://www.civitas.org.uk/content/files/riseandfalltheshiftinhouseholdgrow thratessincethe1990s.pdf 5. Bogdanchikova, M. (2017). I Will Hug You for Money: How They Made a Business Out of Tenderness. Marie Clarie. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://www.marieclaire.ru/psychology/obnimu-za-dengi-kak-iz-nejnosti-sdelali-biznes/ 6. Brodie-Hall, G. (2018). The Sampo Generation: Why We Are Seeing the Lowest Fertility Rate of All Time? Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://theobserver-qiaa.org/the-sampo-generation-why-we-are-seeing-the-lowest-fertility-rate-of-all-time 7. Burton, Z., Zanello, A. (2007). Asia 10 Years Later. Finance and Development. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/rus/2007/06/pdf/burton.pdf 8. Content Commerce Insider (2020). Single Living and the «Homebody Lifestyle» Take Over China. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://contentcommerceinsider.com/blog/single-living-and-the-homebody-lifestyle-take-over-china 9. DePaulo, B. (2020). How South Korea Is Accommodating, Not Shaming, Singles Who Live Alone. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.unmarried.org/featured/how-south-korea-is-accommodating-not-shaming-singles-who-live-alone/10. English, Ch. (2017). Japan: More Than Four Million Middle-Aged 'Parasite Singles' Still Live with Their Elderly Parents. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/japan-parasite-singles-four-million-middle-age-parents-live-childbirth-rate-unmarried-unemployed-a7692256.html 11. Eurostat (2020). Number of Private Households by Household Composition, Number of Children and Age of Youngest Child. Retrieved October 15, 2020 from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/LFST_ HHNHTYCH__custom_206740/default/table?lang=en 12. Families in a Changing World (2019). Progress of the world's women in 2019-2020. OUN: Women. https://doi.org/10.18356/86036fb7-en. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://www.unwomen.org/-/media/head quarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2019/progress-of-the-worlds-women-2019-2020-ru.pdf?la= en&vs=2801 13. Genda, Y. (2014). SNEP Phenomenon: in Japan, the Number of Single Unemployed is Increasing. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.nippon.com/ru/currents/d00109/ 14. Genda, Y. (2019). Solitary Non-Employed Persons. New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7787-7 15. Hektor, A. (2020). The Korean Sampo-generation: the Lowest Birth Rate in the World. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://sweden-science-innovation.blog/seoul/the-korean-sampo-generation-the-lowest-birth-rate-in-the-world/ 16. Illouz, E. (2019). Why Love Hurts. Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press. 17. Jeong, S. (2019). For many young South Koreans, dating is too expensive, or too dangerous. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://edition.cnn.com/2019/05/11/asia/south-korea-dating-intl/index.html 18. Jyotis (2020). Cuddle Café in Japan: Customers Are Willing To Spend Over Rs 30,000 On A Sleep With Cute Girls. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://gurugamer.com/viral/cuddle-cafe-japan-customers-rs-30-000-sleeping-cute-girls-10514 19. Kato, T., Kanba, S., Teo, A. (2019). Hikikomori: Multidimensional Understanding, Assessment and Future International Perspectives. Psychiatry And Clinical Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12895 20. Kislev, E. (2019). Happy Singlehood: the Rising Acceptance and Celebration of Solo-Living. Oakland, California: University of California Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvd1c7r2 21. Klinenberg, E. (2012). Going Solo: The Extraordinary Rise and Surprising Appeal of Living Alone. Penguin Books. 22. Liang, Chong Zi (2016). S. Korean Civil Servants Turn Off Lights to Get Turned on. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://www.straitstimes.com/politics/s-korean-civil-servants-turn-off-lights-to-get-turned-on 23. Moneycontrol (2020). Alibaba Singles Day Sales Hit $56 Billion with Record Peak of 583,000 Orders per Second. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/alibaba-singles-day-sales-hit-record-56-billion-at-583000-orders-per-second-6101481.html 24. Muradyan, O. S. (2012). Way of Life as a System of Social Action: an Attempt at Conceptualization. Sociological Studios, 1(1), 81–87. 25. Ortiz-Ospina, E., Roser, M. (2020). Marriages and Divorces. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://ourworldindata.org/marriages-and-divorces 26. Park, S. (2015). A Silent Revolution in the Korean Family. Contexts, 14(2), 77–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1536504215585785 27. Qian, Y. (2019). Why Young People in South Korea are Staying Single Despite Efforts to Spark Dating. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://theconversation.com/why-young-people-in-south-korea-are-staying-single-despite-efforts-to-spark-dating-111486 28. Rethink Tokyo (2019). Going solo: The Japanese Preference for Living Alone. Retrieved October 27, 2020 from https://www.rethinktokyo.com/Hitorigurashi-living-alone-japan 29. Richardson, Wh. (2015). In China, Single Women Live by Their Own Rules. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://lens.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/08/14/in-china-the-single-ladies-push-back/ 30. Rude, J. (2020). Half the World’s New Single Person Households to Emerge in Asia Pacific. Retrieved October 8, 2020 from https://blog.euromonitor.com/half-the-worlds-new-single-person-households-to-emerge-in-asia-pacific/#:~:text=Over%202019%2D2040%2C%20half%20of,a%20number%20hard%20to%20ignore 31. Schmitz, R. (2018). China's Marriage Rate Plummets As Women Choose To Stay Single Longer. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.npr.org/2018/07/31/634048279/chinas-marriage-rate-plummets-as-women-choose-to-stay-single-longer 32. Sean, J. (2001). Parasite Singles: International Perspective and Analysis. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://academic.csuohio.edu/makelaa/history/courses/his373/ParasiteSingles.htm 33. Sorenson, S. W. (n.d.). The Value and Meaning of the Korean Family. Center of Global Education. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://asiasociety.org/education/value-and-meaning-korean-family 34. South China Morning Post (2017). One in Four Japanese Men aren’t Getting Married until Age 50 – and That’s Not Good for the Country’s Low Birthrate. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/ east-asia/article/2085016/one-four-japanese-men-arent-getting-married-until-age-50-and 35. Statista (2020a). Number of Single-Person Households in the United States from 1960 to 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/242022/number-of-single-person-households-in-the-us/#:~:text=This%20statistic%20shows%20the%20number,households%20in%20the%20United%20States 36. Statista (2020b). Love and Sex in South Korea. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.statista.com/ topics/6708/love-and-sex-in-south-korea/ 37. Teo, A., Gaw, A. (2010). Hikikomori, a Japanese Culture-Bound Syndrome of Social Withdrawal? The Journal Of Nervous And Mental Disease, 198(6), 444–449. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e3181e086b1 38. Winter, W. (n.d.). China’s Infanticide Epidemic. Human Rights and Human Welfare, 9, 1–9. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from https://www.du.edu/korbel/hrhw/researchdigest/china/InfanticideChina.pdf 39. World Values Survey. Retrieved October 22, 2020 from http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/photos/cultural_ map_2020.jpg 40. Yaoti, R. (2016). As Traditional Family Lifestyle Breaks Down, More Youngsters are Living Solo Than Ever Before. Retrieved October 16, 2020 from https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1004195.shtml 41. Yashkina, D. (2020). Heuristic potential of emotional labor concepts, trust and public space in the study of solo-living. Ukrainian Society, 1, 41–51. https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2020.01.041 |
| Content type: | Article |
| Appears in Collections: | Соціологічні студії, 2020, № 2 (17) |
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