Засоби суміжних мистецтв в імпресіоністичній поетиці Григорія Косинки

Abstract

У статті розглянуто імпресіоністичну поетику Григорія Косинки. Особливу увагу приділено впливові живописного імпресіонізму на ранні новели та оповідання письменника. Зокрема відзначено схильність митця до описів природи. Підкреслено, що пейзаж не є в Григорія Косинки самоціллю – він поліфункціональний, проте найвагомішою є психологічна функція описів природи. Автором з’ясовано, що основний засіб для досягнення експресивного ефекту в художника слова – увага до колористики. Зауважено також, що зорові образи в поетиці письменника часто поєднуються зі слуховими враженнями, що створює характерний для імпресіонізму ефект синестезії. Ukrainian literature of the 1920s is characterised by a variety of stylistic tendencies. Impressionism holds a high position among them. Majority of researchers consider literary impressionism as a secondary phenomenon which is genetically rooted in impressionistic painting. Vivid impressionism also had an effect on the novelistics of Hryhorii Kosynka. His style is notable for visual images, impressions, exploration of the inmost recesses of the people’s heart; impartial fixation of the “stream of consciousness” of the representatives of various sections of society, using of the technique of contrasting reproduction of the oppressive situation of the heroes’ life against the background of the wonderful sunny landscapes. Landscape is directly adopted from painting (certainly, impressionist painters were the first who actualised the “plein-air principle”). Despite the apparent love for the nature descriptions, the landscape in Hryhorii Kosynka’s prose is not an end in itself – it is multifunctional. Nevertheless, psychological function, which is presented by means of the artistic parallelism or contrast, is the most important. The main means for achievement of the expressive effect is consideration to colouristics. Early writer’s novels are characterised by the use of colour as a means of hero’s mental state, character, mood, etc. description. Prose writer, however, does not create an individual system of colour and psychological correspondences, in the vast majority of cases he appeals to the symbolic use, understandable in the context of Ukrainian national mentality or “spirit of time”. Mainly white, gold, red and black colours, which turn the fixed symbolic connotations in the context of early Hryhorii Kosynka’s prose, prevail in the author’s palette. In the writer’s prose, impressionistic colouristics is often combined with phonetic, auditory and visual images creating the effect of synesthesia peculiar to the impressionism. Specific character of the synesthetic image in Hryhorii Kosynka’s prose lies in the fact that the author seems to “thread” various sensory reactions of characters that is reflected in the syntactic level of his writings. Olfactory, gustatory and tactile images are relatively rare in the writer’s prose.