Південний регіональний ринок житлової нерухомості України: тенденції та конкурентні особливості

Abstract

В даній статті досліджено та оцінено тенденції соціальних та економічних показників, що мають місце на Південному регіональному ринку житлової нерухомості з метою визначення його конкурентних особливостей. В процесі дослідження за основу було взято авторський підхід щодо територіального розмежування країни на окремі регіональні ринки житла. Дослідження формувалося на демографічних, економічних соціальних, географічних особливостях регіонального ринку. Водночас, дослідження становища регіонального житлового ринку спирається на показники валового регіонального продукту, житлового фонду, капітальних інвестиціях в житлове будівництво, обсяги прийнятої в експлуатацію житлової площі, цінове утворення на житлові об’єкти тощо. Загалом, унікальність проведеного дослідження полягає в обґрунтуванні автором теоретичних та практичних гіпотез щодо ефективності функціонування регіональних ринків житла в Україні в основу яких покладено соціальні, економічні, емпіричні, переваги регіону. За результатами проведеного дослідження нам вдалося обґрунтувати особливості становища конкуренції в Південному регіоні, а також їх вплив на ринкову пропозицію та попит.

In this article, the tendencies of social and economic indicators taking place in the Southern regional market of residential real estate in order to determine its competitive characteristics are researched and evaluated. In the process of research, the author's approach to the territorial division of the country into separate regional housing markets was taken as the basis. The research was formed on the demographic, economic, social, and geographic features of the regional market. At the same time, the study of the situation of the regional housing market is based on the indicators of the gross regional product, housing stock, capital investment in housing construction, the volume of residential space adopted in operation, price formation for housing objects, etc. In general, the uniqueness of the study is to substantiate the author of theoretical and practical hypotheses concerning the effectiveness of the functioning of regional housing markets in Ukraine, based on the social, economic, empirical, and regional benefits. According to the results of the study, we were able to substantiate the features of the situation of competition in the Southern region, as well as their impact on market supply and demand. First and foremost, this region is characterized by the fact that all the regions that are united and the Crimea have a seacoast, thus they are the recreational center of Ukraine. In addition, this region is marked by an important transport and maritime connection of the state with different countries of the world. The presence of seaports located on the coast of the region whose banks are washed by the Black and Azov Seas are of great importance, especially when it comes to the question of the implementation of economic activity of the country at the international level. Excellent transport and geographic characteristics of the Southern region are also highlighted by the developed network of transport connections and corridors operating on its territory. The economic part of the Southern region is based on the transportation of cargoes, the construction industry, as well as separate fishing. This is an industrial-agrarian region in which the total share of the industrial sector is more than double the prevalence of agriculture. Also, one of the leading industries is the food industry, accounting for about a third of the share of total industrial production. A slightly smaller share belongs to machine-building, chemical industry and electric power. In the general structure of the machine-building complex, the shipbuilding should be singled out, since the region has a highly developed port complex. Separately, in the Mykolaiv oblast, it is necessary to allocate non-ferrous metallurgy, which occupies about a quarter of all its industrial production in the state. Another important feature of the overall economic structure of the industries is that the lion's share in it is occupied with communication, transport, recreation, etc. Consequently, in the context of global competition, the assessment of the socio-economic characteristics of the region, which combines demographic, geographical, economic and other factors, plays a decisive role in the market prosperity of the region. In general, the Southern regional housing market is characterized by high figures of the existing population directly in the capital of the country and in its surroundings; low population density of other adjacent areas, not high density of population, average and high indicators of humanity in rural settlements. As a result of the carried-out research it was possible to confirm the interconnection of economically developed regions with the development of the real estate market, which indicates a tendency to increase the volumes in the most socially protected areas available in the housing market.