Об’ємно-просторове і планувальне вирішення мурованих монастирів Волині ХVІІ- ХVІІІ ст.

Abstract

Церкви, костели, монастирі, в силу своєї історико-архітектурної цінності, об’ємно-просторової композиції та функціонального призначення, приймають найактивнішу участь у формуванні силуету українських населених пунктів. На сучасному етапі розвитку міст і сіл Волині досліджувані монастирі мають декілька видів стійких композиційних груп: замкнуті, компактні, блоковані, павільйонні. В залежності від тієї чи іншої групи пам’ятки мають різні типи об’ємно-просторових і планувальних вирішень. Стаття дає певний пласт інформації, корисної для подальшого збереження історичної міської забудови волинських міст, реставрації пам’яток монастирського будівництва та гармонійного поєднання сучасної забудови та історичної.

Churches, monasteries, because of its historical and architectural value, three-dimensional arrangement and functionality, take an active part in shaping the silhouette Ukrainian settlements. The study found that in monasteries there Volyn following the functional purpose of the building: the house building (church, church, cathedral), cells, refectory, bell towers, watch towers, hospitals, publishing, schools, seminaries, hotels, buildings to stay clergy. At the present stage of the towns and villages of Volyn studied monasteries are several types of resistant composite groups: closed, compact, blocked, pavilion. Based on a study of three-dimensional planning and organization of church architecture of the region by the author of the following types of churches, typical for Volyn: tryzrubni, odnoverhi wooden churches, odnonefni, with one, two steeples stone church (in their composition and planning decisions of Volyn close to the wooden churches) and three naves, four, six pole churches bazylikalnoho type. Depending on of a group of monuments have different types of spatial and space-planning solutions. The article characterized all the above-mentioned examples. An important role in shaping the look has studied monuments surrounding landscape. Most of the surrounding terrain, water spaces, vegetation are crucial in the formation of complexes. In aesthetic perception of monastic buildings surrounding nature acts as an integral component. It should be noted that the presence of so many beautiful monastic ensembles are the result of the fact that artists and craftsmen created their masterpieces on the basis of stable compositional techniques and rules. And this is true not only for the monasteries in Volyn, but most monasteries in Ukraine. If the use of church architecture in its main purpose in recent years almost does not cause problems in our country, the rational functional use of other historical and cultural condition of physical and moral preservation facilities – is a complex, multifaceted process. Monastic complexes occupy an important place in the formation of urban development as Volyn region, Ukraine as a whole. The author distinguishes several types of resistant composite group studied monasteries are closed, compact, blocked, pavilion. Depending on of a group of monuments have different types of spatial and space-planning solutions. The article gives a certain layer of information useful for future conservation of historic urban Volyn cities, restoration of the monastery building and the harmonious combination of modern and historic buildings.